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t while they observed the porcine follicular fluid in the ovaries. This protein can be found in the skeletal muscle of humans and other mammals, containing carbohydrates attached to it. Follistatin 344 was the first autocrine glycoprotein supplement to become popular in search of the increased tissue mass.

How does it work?

Myostatin is a substance that inhibits myogenesis, which is the process of formation of muscular tissue during the embryonic development. In simpler terms, Follistatin 344 inhibits the regulation and limitation of muscle growth. However, there could be some issues related to this manipulation because the excess of myostatin can cause chronic diseases in vital organs, tissues, and the bone marrow. At the same time, Follistatin could cause negative effects on health and reproductive capabilities, by suppressing secretion of follicle hormone as well as the pituitary gland.

Results and benefits

Unlike other myostatin inhibitors, Follistatin is not required to be administered on a daily basis and it is gaining the attention of scientists because of its anti-degenerative effects, as an alternative to treat muscle disorders. Some tests done on mice have shown no significant effects on organs and reproductive capabilities. Follistatin has been considered a more secure and a healthier alternative in search of increasing mass as compared with the widely used anabolics.

Apparently, Follistatin increases the appetite of individuals who use it. There are reports of people who used to have a caloric intake around 4000 calories and subsequently increased their intake up to more than 6000 calories. This fact should be taken with caution because, at a high caloric intake, fat can accumulate around the body which makes it necessary to get into an adequate exercise routine to compensate these increases.

The frequent use of Myostatin inhibitors prevents the strength and growth of tendons and ligaments, which can cause heart problems. However, stopping the use of these substances can resolve these issues. It is worth mentioning that excess of anything can cause negative effects. Insofar as it acts in moderation, there will be no harmful effects incurred from its use.

A study about Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) has shown that an increased level of this protein can raise life expectancy due to the improved muscle mass of certain muscular groups. Another study has discovered that Follistatin plays an important role in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), which is a widely known as an infertility disease.

The muscle mass effects could last up to 3 months after the completion of the course and it will gradually decrease when the body has stopped receiving the usual doses.

Follistatin 344 dosage

Follistatin is recommended for research, but people who have tried it themselves typically take injection 100 mcg/day of dose via injections for 10 to 30 days. Ideally, it can be taken every third day. People who have taken doses up to 200 mcg have not shown suffered from any adverse effects than the ones who have taken lower doses.

10 day cycle dose:

Day 1: Bilateral split into the muscle you want the largest: 300mcg.

Day 3: Bilateral split into the muscle you want the largest: 200mcg.

Day 5: Bilateral split into the muscle you want most: 200mcg.

Day 7: Bilateral split into the muscle you want the largest: 300mcg.

Muscle building effect can last up to 3 months, slow down.

What should I use with FOLLISTATIN 344 ?

The following peptides can be used to add muscle, which is a good idea to be added to any stack where you try to add muscle:

IGF-1 LR3

IGF-1 DES

PEG-MGF

MGF

LGD-4033

Ostarine

SARM S4

Hexarelin

Ipamorelin

GHRP-6

to detect the presence of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in children and to determine the fertility capacity in adults. Gonadorelin tests the manner that both, the hypothalamus and the pituitary glands are working.

How does Gonadorelin work?

The pituitary gland is responsible for the release of sex hormones (LH and FSH). In women, LH causes the release of ovulation through the stimulation of the ovaries. In men, it contributes to the production of testosterone through the stimulation of the testicles; in addition, FSH contributes to the production of sperm by the stimulation of the testicles. Gonadorelin also can be injected in low doses to determine the adequate production of LH and FSH, which is useful to diagnose hormonal disorders in order to treat them.

Results and benefits

Gonadorelin favors the ovulation of women who do not have regular menstrual periods and ovulation. When hypothalamus gland does not release enough GnRH there could be severe consequences due to the failure of puberty that can lead to a lack of sexual development and fertility.

This peptide has been used as a treatment for delayed puberty. The application of Gonadorelin is advisable only for children of 12 years of age and older. To mention, this disorder can cause both physiological as physiological effects to children and it is necessary to look for a treatment that covers this two areas.

Gonadorelin has the faculty to correct male infertility caused by pituitary or hypothalamus problems. FSH and LH act on the testes (a pair of egg-shaped glands that sit in the scrotum next to the base of the penis on the outside of the body). Testes produce testosterone and sperm but the last one is stored for some time to accomplish its maturation. This process cannot be performed without the intervention of sex hormones.

People that consume Gonadorelin could present one or more of the next side effects: difficulty in breathing, flushing, rapid heartbeat, hives, hardening of skin at the place of injection, itching, pain, redness or swelling of skin at place of injection, skin rash, abdominal discomfort, flushing, headaches, lightheadedness, nausea and others.

The use of this peptide is forbidden during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It must not be used in children under one year of age and over people with allergic reactions to it. For hormonal treatments related to sexual disorders, it is necessary the evaluation of a specialist, who will evaluate both the causes of the problem as the effects that the treatment can cause. It is necessary to receive special monitoring to get a secure and effective solution.

Dosage

Gonadorelin is supplied by injection as treatment for hormonal disorders. For infertility in adults, it is advisable a dose of 5.0 mcg every ninety minutes for twenty-one days. On the other hand, it has been used for testing the hypothalamus and pituitary glands in adults at a dose of 0.1 mg injected as a single application.

br /> -What is the dosage amount of Ipamorelin I should use?

See below for the answers to the above questions

What is Ipamorelin?
Ipamorelin is an amino acid chain that can inhibit the amount of hunger or thirst you feel. It has been proven effective at increasing lean body mass (LBM) and improving sleep and mood while also working with anti-aging properties. It does not affect your cortisol or prolactin production. It can also be used as a pain reliever

How do I store Ipamorelin?
Ipamorelin must be stored in a cool dry place because it is a powder like GHRP-2 and GHRP-6. It can be injected using a bacterial prevention solution. The best method is in an insulin syringe. Ipamorelin in a syringe should be stored in the fridge. Ipamorelin must be administered 2 to 3 times daily, 200-300mcg per injection.

What are the side effects of Ipamorelin?
Ipamorelin can cause elevated levels of cortisol and acetylcholine. But it should not cause too high of an elevation in cortisol and acetylcholine blood plasma levels. Some side effects include the feeling of head rush and some slight headaches. It is suggested that users start a love dose of Ipamorelin and work their way up.

Molecular formula: C38H49N9O5

much TB-500 should I take?
-What are the side effects of TB-500?
-How should I store TB-500?

See below for the answers to the above questions

What is TB-500?
Thymosin Beta 4 (TB-500) is a muscle recovery drug. It is present in the body and is commonly found in the skeletal muscles and all muscles of the body. Many bodybuilders inject TB-500 into their body to increase the healing process of their naturally occurring TB-500. It has a vital role in building new blood vessels, new small muscle tissue fibers, cell migration and blood cell reproduction. The main focus of using TB-500 is to increase the production of Actin in the body that is associated with muscle repair.

How much TB-500 should I take?
2-2.5mg twice weekly for 4-6 weeks. This dosage is not affected by gender or sex. It works on both men and women.

What are the side effects of TB-500?
Positive side effects of proper usage of TB-500 include improved flexibility, reduced inflammation in tendons have been noticed, and re-grown lost hair (also reports of grayed hair darkening), and repairing ventricular hypertrophy.

Negative side effects of TB-500 include flu-like symptoms or lethargy and head-rush.

How should I store TB-500?
TB-500 comes in a powder and can be stored in a cool place inside the home. To make a syringe of TB-500 you have to use bacterial prevention solutions with the ingredients. Directions or how to use the syringe of TB-500 are unknown. The best bet is to use it after being completely prepared.

Molecular formula: C212H350N56O78S

?
-How much should I take of CJC1295 MOD GRF (1-29)?
-What are the side effects of CJC1295 MOD GRF (1-29)?
-How should I store CJC1295 MOD GRF (1-29)?

See below for the answers to the above questions

What is CJC1295 MOD GRF (1-29)?
CJC1295 MOD GRF (1-29) is also known as MOD GRF (1-29) or CJC1295 without DAC. It is a peptide used to increase growth hormones in the body. It is not like its counterpart CJC1295 with DAC. However, like the CJC1295 with DAC, it can aid in fat loss and increase in muscles. Yet, there is a shorter period of time of MOD GRF (1-29) and that allows more doses to be taken than once a week.

How much should I take of CJC1295 MOD GRF (1-29)?
MOD GRF (1-29) should be taken at the same time with another growth hormone peptide. The dosage amount should be 100 mcg Mod GRF once a day with a GHRP taken immediately after. But it can be taken up to three times a day before a meal so that the nutrition and digestion can help with the enhanced effects.

What are the side effects of CJC1295 MOD GRF (1-29)?
MOD GRF (1-29) has the same side effects as CJC 1295 with DAC. Some of these side effects are pain from nerve compression (such as carpal tunnel pain), excessive water retention, or reduced insulin sensitivity. If a problem occurs discontinue until the symptoms go away. If you want to continue use, a lower recommended dose of MOD GRF (1-29) should be considered.

How should I store CJC1295 MOD GRF (1-29)?
MOD GRF (1-29) should be mixed with bacterial prevention water or sterile water. MOD GRF (1-29) comes in a powder so you will have to store it in a cool dry place.

Molecular formula: C165H269N47O46

should I take of CJC1295 with DAC?
-What are the side effects of CJC1295 with DAC?
-How should I store CJC1295 with DAC?

See below for the answers to the above questions

What is CJC1295 with DAC?
CJC1295 with DAC is also known as CJC1295. This type of peptide is used to increase GH production. However, this increase in growth hormones are also linked to an increase in the IGF-1 insulin peptide in the body. These levels can aid in fat loss and muscle gain.

How much should I take of CJC1295 with DAC?
The recommended dosage is 1000 mcg at a time, twice per week. The DAC will provide a half-life of one week prior to injection and helps with leveling hormone levels in the body.

What are the side effects of CJC1295 with DAC?
There are relatively rare side effects with CJC1295 with DAC. In excessive use of CJC1295 with DAC, there are side effects of nerve compression (such as carpal tunnel pain), excessive water retention, or reduced insulin sensitivity. The solution is to discontinue use until the problem is resolved, and to reduce dosage when resuming use.

How should I store CJC1295 with DAC?
CJC1295 is a lyophilized powder, meaning it must be stored in a cool dry place. Each solution must be made in bacterial prevention water. The injection should be made and used on the same day.

P-2?
-What are the side effects of GHRP-2?
-How many times should I use GHRP-2?
-What is the dosage amount for GHRP-2 if I use it?

See below for the answers to the above questions

What is growth hormone releasing peptide?
Growth hormone releasing peptides are several unnatural vitamin D amino acids that stimulate growth hormone releasing activity. They begin the secreting activity of many growth hormones in the body from the pituitary gland in the brain. GHRP-2 can affect the hormones in the stomach based on nutritional intake. The hormone in the stomach that is in charge of hunger is ghrelin and that hormone can deduce hunger or fulfillment from certain foods you ingest. These hormones are different than other growth hormone releasers because they enact a different receptor in the hormone glands altogether.

What is GHRP-2?
GHRP-2 is a growth hormone releaser that does not affect appetite or induce a hunger effect. It is a single chain of six amino acids that can stimulate release of ghrelin or can replace low levels of growth hormone in the body. It is a hormone that can help with fighting anti-aging problems.

What are the side effects of GHRP-2?
Some mild side effects of GHRP-2 include hunger, but it is not as extreme as its counterpart GHRP-6, which can induce high sensations of hunger in the body. Other side effects include: elevated levels of cortisol and prolactin, feeling of lethargy and tiredness, water retention, tingling, numbness and decreased insulin sensitivity.

One positive side effect for body builders who use GHRP-2 can note that the body will have decreased body fat, increase lean body mass, improved sleep, increase in IGF-1 production, increase in bone density and increase in cellular repair. Hence why GHRP-2 and other growth hormone injections are beneficial for bodybuilders seeking to increase muscle mass.

How many times should I use GHRP-2?
GHRP-2 should be used only up to 2-3 times a day

What is the dosage amount for GHRP-2 if I use it?
GHRP-2 should be used around 100mcg-300mcg per injection. Anyone who uses over 200mcg of GHRP-2 should note the side effects above.

How should I store GHRP-2?
GHRP-2 should be stored in a cool dry place. It is a lyophilized powder, so if it is reconstituted for usage, it should be stored in a refrigerator directly before being used. To reconstitute it should be placed in a bacteria prevention solution prior to injection.

/> -How many times should I use GHRP-6?
-What is the dosage amount for GHRP-6 if I use it?

See below for the answers to the above questions

What is GHRP-6?
GHRP-6 is a growth hormone releasing peptide like GHRP-2, but it targets the pituitary to secrete growth hormone that you have stored. GHRP-6 affects the food we intake into our bodies and how much of the food our bodies would absorb as nutrients. GHRP-6 can increase hunger prior to injection. This can affect the hormone ghrelin, which lies in the digestive tract of most humans and is produced by the stomach to signal emptiness. GHRP-6 not only works in releasing stored growth hormones, but also regulates appetite, promotes fat loss in muscle tissues and helps in healing damaged tendons.

What are the side effects of GHRp-6?
Some side effects can include improved sleep and hunger stimulation that should be felt immediately after injection. It is not effective when blood glucose levels are elevated in the body.

What is the dosage amount for GHRP-6 if I use it?
GHRP-6 should be taken 30 minutes after eating and should be injected 2 to 3 times a day with an insulin syringe. However, there should be 3 hours between injections to clear up the receptors for the next dosage. The amount of each GHRp-6 injection should be 100mcg.

How should I store GHRP-6?
GHRp-6 comes as a lyophilized powder. You may have to store GHRP-6 in a cool dry place if you are not using it. However, if you plan to use it, make sure you store the ingredients in a bacteria prevention solution prior to injection.

Are there different dosage amounts for women and men?
GHRP-6 dosage amounts are not affected by sex or gender, men and women can inject 100mcg 2 to 3 times a day and all side effects and outcomes will be the same.

e, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 67 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 7,372 Da. In vitro studies demonstrate that at equal doses DES (1-3) IGF is ten times more potent than IGF-1 at stimulating hypertrophy and proliferation in cultured cells. It is likely generated through post-translational modification in the sequence of circulating mature IGF-1 via protease action.

IGF-1 DES is a cleaved form of IGF-1 and contains amino acids 4-70. This structure has allowed the effects of the IGF-1 protein to be amplified in the more stable form of the DES 1,3 molecule peptide protein fragment of Insulin-like growth factor 1. The IGF-1 DES, or insulin-like growth factor DES, comes from the IGF-1 family of peptides that play important roles in mammalian growth and development. IGF1 mediates many of the growth-promoting effects of growth hormone and IGF-1 DES, although shorter, pacts an equal amount of physiological altering protein physical changes. Early studies showed that growth hormone did not directly stimulate the incorporation of sulfate into cartilage, but rather acted through a serum factor, termed 'sulfation factor,' which later became known as 'somatomedin' or IGF-1 and more recently through truncation, DES IGF-1.

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 DES (1-3)

IGF-1 DES and Questions
-What is IGF-1DES?
-How much should I take of IGF-1 DES?
-What are the side effects of IGF-1 DES?
-How should I store IGF-1 DES?

See below for the answers to the above questions

What is IGF-1 DES?
IGF1-DES is an insulin related or insulin analog what the body naturally makes. It effects the hormone system, mostly in the liver, and regulates energy and fat loss. IGF1-DES also spurs cell production and can help with anti-aging or tissue damage.

IGF-1 DES is more powerful than the IGF-1 and its counterpart. It means that even though the chain for IGF-1 DES has a duration period of 20-30 minutes, it can give larger benefits in the long term run. Which means that IGF-1 DES should be administered in the muscles you want to see transform and change overtime using IGF-1 DES.

IGF-1 DES can stimulate tissue growth during training by attaching to the lactic acid being formed by the muscles. Hence why IGF-1 DES can be used much longer than IGF-1 counterparts.

How much IGF-1 DES should I take?
A typical protocol would be:
50-150mcg multiple times a day of IGF-1 DES into the localized region you want to see growth.

Example, if you want to administer 150mcg of IGF-1 DES into the thigh, then you inject directly into the area.

The typical protocol for injection should be:
Administration should be given prior to training into specific target areas.

What are the side effects of IGF-1 DES?
IGF1-DES can increase tumor size in patients who already have cancer. It does not affect anyone who does not have cancer, but can cause tumors to develop after long term use. Hypoglycemia is easy to happen with IGF1-DES due to miscalculation of the dosage or over dosage of the drug itself. Do not use this for headaches, as it can be abused quite easily.

Some positive side effects of IGF1-DES include: regulating fat for use as energy, which can result in fat loss, anti-aging contributions by slowing down aging and boosting cell reduction in the process. Low levels of IGF-1 are linked to heart failure, lower brain cell regulation and neuron function as well as muscle tissue breakdown. So IGF1-DES can help regulate those problem areas, increases nutrient shuttling (aka protein synthesis), increased regenerative functions of nerve tissues and the ability to cause hyperplasia in muscle cells resulting in fuller muscle tissue.

How long should I store IGF-1 DES?
To store IGF1-DES you can store it as a liquid or as a powder in a cool area of the house. If you store it in the fridge, you will have to warm it up to room temperature prior to use

thened analog of human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). The product represents an intermediary metabolite, affecting the GH (growth hormone) level in the human body. IGF-1, also known as somatomedin C, has a number of structural similarities with insulin, hence the substance gets its name. Currently, the original IGF-1 and its modified versions are applied in medical practice, as well as power sports to increase the power indicators of bodybuilders, boost endurance, etc. By its structure and schematics, the modified IGF-1 is the almost complete analog of the original IGF-1. IGF-1 is important for the growth of bones and muscles. The product has a similar effect on the human body and leads to the appearance of identical positive and adverse effects. The main feature that IGF-1 LR3 stands out with is the prolonged effect, the aspect that the rivals cannot boast. The product was originally developed to improve the biological activity of the IGF. The LR3 IGF-1 preparation consists of 83 amino acids that form its effects. In practice and during clinical and laboratory phased studies, it was found that the modified version of IGF-1 is at least 2 times stronger than the original. It is also noteworthy that this peptide has not only a more lasting effect but way more pronounced anabolic effect. Thus, an injection of IGF-LR3 can lead to a significant increase in muscle growth during a short course of use, lasting no more than 4-6 weeks.

IGF-1 LR3 results

In general, IGF-1 LR3 can promote the following positive effects:

• enhanced rate of transport of amino acids;
• acceleration of glucose transport in the body;
• increase in protein synthesis;
• reduction of protein degradation;
• increase of RNA synthesis;
• the effect of subcutaneous fat burning;
• the impact on the development of muscles and muscle growth;
• increased power performance and endurance volumes.

IGF-1 LR3 dosage, how to use igf-1 lr3

The best way to use IGF-1 LR3  is to use it in regulated dosages. Usual dosages of IGF-1 LR3 are 10 mcg to around 50 mcg per day.

ee below for the answers to the above questions

What is MGF (Mechano Growth Factor)?
MGF (also known as IGF-1Ec) is a splice variant of the IGF gene which increases stem cell count in the muscle and allows for muscle fibers to fuse and mature. This is a process required for the growth of adult muscle.  MGF is produced naturally when muscle fibers are broken down through resistance (weight training). MGF stimulates muscle growth, creates new muscle fibers, promotes muscle recovery, promotes nitrogen retention and increases protein synthesis.

In studies where MGF was administered intramuscularly, there was a 20% increase in the weight of the injected muscle fibers within 2 weeks. In further studies, it took 4 months for IGF to cause a 25% increase in muscle mass. MGF was found to be more potent than IGF-1 in rapid muscle growth. Fat loss and strength increases are not typically seen with MGF’s use (as they are with IGF-1 use).

How much MGF should be used?
Studies have suggested the following:
A typical protocol would be:
100-300mcg of MGF divided into 1-2 bilateral administrations in 2-5 different areas of the muscles approximately 5-7 days a week – intramuscular injections.

Example, if you want to administer 200mcg of MGF into the chest and biceps muscles 2 times a day and 3 different areas of the muscle then you would need to divided the dose as follows:

200mcg / 2 times per day = 100mcg per administration
100mcg per administration / 4 muscles (2 chest and 2 bicep muscles) = 25mcg per muscle
25mcg per muscle / 3 different locations on each muscle = 8.3mcg per injection

Theoretically, the more locations used to administer the MGF into the muscle the more places for muscle growth.

Studies have also suggested the following:
Administration should not be given within 2 hours after training in order not to reduce natural IGF-1 production.

Administration should not be given within 2 hours before sleeping in order not to reduce natural growth hormone production.

After administering, adequate protein needs to be ingested for MGF to be effective in building new muscle.

How to reconstitute MGF?
MGF is typically manufactured in 2mg amounts and is reconstituted with sterile water.
– If 2ml (2 full – 1 ml U-100 insulin syringe) of sterile water is added to the vial then each unit of the syringe will equal 10mcg.
– If the syringe is filled up to 10 units (up to the number 10 on the syringe) it will equal 100mcg of MGF.

How long should MGF be used?
In most studies on MGF no adverse side effects were reported with use for 4-8 weeks (per the dosage limits in the above answer) followed by 4 weeks of non-use.

F?

See below for the answers to the above questions

What is PEG-MGF?
PEG-MGF is a variant of IGF-1, which is an insulin like growth factor, and can be used to stimulate myoblasts division and allows for muscle fibers to fuse and mature. It stimulates this division of myoblasts in the body through different receptors. It is a peptide that is responsible for damaged muscle recovery and satellite cell growth.

How much PEG-MGF should I take?
A typical protocol would be:
200mcg to 400mcg once a week because PEG-MGF can last for several days inside the body and would not need another injection until after one week is gone.

The typical protocol for injection should be:
Injecting PEG-MGF bilaterally, subcutaneously or intramuscular in the areas you want to target. It will circulate in your body binding to tissues that need to be replaced after a workout session.

What are the side effects of PEG-MGF?
Some side effects of include: decrease of fat mass of the body, endurance increase, improvement of immune defense and skin, bone strengthening, lowering of cholesterol level, and accelerated recovery. There are no harmful side effects that have been recorded at the time.

ow much IGF-1 Lr3 should be used?
How long should IGF-1 Lr3 be used?

See below for the answers to the above questions

What is IGF-1?
IGF-1 is a polypeptide hormone about the same size as insulin, or 70 amino acids. It´s a highly anabolic hormone released primarily in the liver (but also in peripheral tissues) and stimulates the production of growth hormone. It is responsible for much of the anabolic activity of growth hormone, including nitrogen retention and protein synthesis as well as muscle cell hyperplasia (increase in number of muscle cells), as well as mitogenesis (the growth of new muscle fibers).

IGF-1 is necessary as well as sufficient in muscle growth (anabolic) and has been shown to also be highly anti-catabolic agent as well. As with all anabolic substances, IGF-1´s anabolic effects are still limited only by the protein supply within muscle cells. Thus IGF works much better when enough protein is supplied to the muscle.

For athletes and bodybuilders who are rehabilitating an injury IGF is vital to the proper production of connective tissue, and studies have shown that exogenous IGF administration may improve collagen formation and aid in the repair of cartilage and would greatly decrease recovery time as well as increase the strength of the recovered area.

A study examined the injection of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in different muscle fibers. The researchers concluded that IGF-I promotes an average increase of 15% in muscle mass and a 14% increase in strength in muscle tissue. The researchers have speculated that these effects are primarily due to stimulation of muscle regeneration via the activation of satellite cells by IGF-I.

A 15% increase in muscle mass, and a 14% increase in strength are no small increases. If we could realistically expect 7% gains in muscle mass and strength (half of the gains experienced in the study), then this would be able to help through plateaus or injuries.

What is IGF-1 Lr3?
IGF-1 Lr3 (Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Long R3) is an 83 amino acid analog of human IGF-I comprising the complete human IGF-I sequence with the substitution of an Arg for the Glu at position 3 (hence R3), as well as a 13 amino acid extension peptide at the N-terminus. IGF-I Lr3 is significantly more potent (2-3x) than IGF-I in studies, because it has a lower affinity to be rendered inactive by IGF binding proteins.

What is a typical protocol for IGF-1 Lr3?
Studies have suggested the following:
A typical protocol would be:
50-100mcg of IGF-1 Lr3 divided into 1-2 bilateral administrations in 2-5 different areas of the muscles approximately 5-7 days a week – intramuscular injections.

Example, if you want to administer 100mcg of IGF-1 Lr3 into the chest in 2 different areas of the muscle then you would need to divided the dose as follows:

100mcg per administration / 2 chest muscles = 50mcg per muscle
50mcg per muscle / 2 different locations on each muscle = 25mcg per injection

Theoretically, the more locations used to administer the IGF-1 Lr3 into the muscle the more places for muscle growth.

Studies have also suggested the following:
Administration should not be given within 2 hours after training in order not to reduce natural IGF-1 production.

Administration should not be given within 2 hours before sleeping in order not to reduce natural growth hormone production.

After administering, adequate protein needs to be ingested for IGF-1 to be effective in building new muscle.

How long should IGF-1 Lr3 be used?
In most studies on IGF-1 Lr3 no adverse side effects were reported with use for 4-8 weeks (per the dosage limits in the above answer) followed by 4 weeks of non-use.

> -How does growth hormone work?
-How is natural growth hormone released?

How does growth hormone work?
Growth hormone in the body is released in a pulsating fashion. It has been demonstrated that this pattern promotes growth. The pituitary is capable of rather quickly synthesizing very large amounts of growth hormone which it stores in both a finished and unfinished form. Adults rarely experience growth hormone pulses that completely deplete these stores. As we get older we do not lose the ability to create and store large amounts of growth hormone, rather we experience a diminished capacity to instruct their release. The growth hormone pulse is measured in a wave with the trough being the “off” or non-secretion of growth hormone and the crest being the “on” or highest point during growth hormone secretion.

The volume of growth hormone that is released in the body cannot be properly compared to the administration of synthetic growth hormone for the reason that a set of behavioral characteristics associated with natural growth hormone differ from those of synthetic growth hormone. Therefore attempting to find a natural growth hormone to a synthetic growth hormone equivalency is not very productive because in the end what is probably most important is: The quantity and quality of intracellular signaling events and the degree to which growth hormone stimulates autocrine/paracrine (locally produced/locally used) muscle IGF-1 & post-exercise its splice variant MGF.

What is Human Growth Hormone (HGH) Fragment 176-191?
The HGH Fragment is a modified form of amino acids 176-191 at the C-terminal region of the human growth hormone (HGH). Studies have shown that it works by mimicking the way natural HGH regulates fat metabolism but without the adverse effects on insulin sensitivity (blood sugar) or cell proliferation (muscle growth) that is seen with unmodified HGH. Like unmodified GH, the HGH fragment 176-191 stimulates lipolysis (breaking down of fat) and inhibits lipogenesis (the formation of fatty acids and other lipids in the body).

HGH fragment 176-191 is meant to be 12.5 times stronger than human growth hormone (HGH) for weight loss than standard human growth hormone (HGH).

Of particular note is that in studies HGH fragment 176-191 had the ability to increase IGF-1 levels which translates into the fragments ability to give anti-aging effects.

How much Human Growth Hormone (HGH) Fragment 176-191 should be used?
In most studies favorable results have been shown with dosages between 400-600mcg or 4-6mcg/kg split into multiple dosages per day.

What is a typical protocol for Human Growth Hormone (HGH) Fragment 176-191?
Studies have suggested the following:
A typical beginner protocol would be:
200mcg before breakfast
200mcg 30 minutes prior to training
Approximately 5-7 days a week – subcutaneous injections

A typical intermediate protocol would be:
250mcg before breakfast
250mcg 30 minutes prior to training
Approximately 5-7 days a week – subcutaneous injections

A typical advance protocol would be:
200mcg before breakfast
200mcg before lunch
200mcg 30 minutes prior to training
7 days a week – subcutaneous injections

When dosing multiple times a day at least 3 hours should separate the administrations.

What are some of the possible side effects with Human Growth Hormone (HGH) Fragment 176-191?
Reported side effects have included: hypersomnia (excessive sleeping), insomnia, burning feeling at injection spot (last 10-15 minutes). All side effects went away after 2-3 days of discontinuing use.

Should food be consumed before or after the injection of Human Growth Hormone (HGH) Fragment 176-191?
Studies have shown that administration should ideally be done on either an empty stomach or with only protein in the stomach. Fats and carbohydrates blunt growth hormone release. After administering the peptides wait at least 30 minutes to eat. At that point the growth hormone pulse has reached its peak and you can eat what you want.

are the side effects of AOD9604?

-Results & Banifets?
-How should I store AOD9604?
-How much should I use of AOD9604?

See below for the answers to the above questions.

What is AOD-9604

AOD-9604 (Advanced Obesity Drug) also known as Lipotropin is a drug used in obesity treatment originally manufactured by Metabolic Pharmaceuticals. It is a peptide derived from amino acids 176-191 of the GH polypeptide, which enhances fat reducing effects. One of the advantages of this drug is the absence of adverse effects on blood sugar and insulin resistance. AOD-9604 has shown potential effects to repair cartilage and muscle, and it is often used in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

How does it work?

Individuals who need to maintain a certain height or those with obesity problems use AOD-9604. Most people use it to build muscle mass. AOD-9604 works by mimicking the function of human growth hormone in the regulation of burning fat metabolism. At the same time, it increases the activity of beta-3 receptors, which are relevant to overall metabolism. It is also known for its properties in the lipolysis stimulation, resulting in fat destruction.

What are the side effects of AOD9604?
Headaches, chest tightness, palpitations and euphoric feelings are some of the side effects that people have experienced using AOD9604. But its benefits are best at promoting the burning of fat cells and the stopping of fat cells from forming.

Results and benefits

AOD-9604 is considered safe and people who have used have not suffered from any side effects. However, its efficacy has not been as good in daily use as on laboratory tests. In fact, some studies have shown that AOD-9604 does not cause changes in body composition.

Some obese people who have used it the experienced headache, chest tightness, palpitations and euphoric feelings. These side effects should be considered in contrast to the benefits that AOD-9604 could bring.
In spite of AOD-9604 is based on Growth Hormone amino acids, which may cause problems related to insulin insufficiency, it does not present any negative effect on carbohydrate metabolism or other effects related to hyperglycemia, confirming it as a secure drug to the human metabolism.

The consumption of this drug has not presented any problem related to immunogenicity, which means that it is well-tolerated by the human organism. There have been no cases of allergy or bad tolerance. If a patient has to take AOD-9604 for a long-term, it is advisable to be aware of its side effects.
Due to its ability to stimulate lipolysis, some people are using AOD-9604 as a food supplement. The FDA has legally approved it, allowing its use as a food additive in the US; the approved use is at a level of up to 1 mg per day.
There are reports of the low efficacy of AOD-9604 on oral treatments, because of that injected treatment has become more popular all over the market.

AOD-9604 Dosage

AOD-9604 is prescribed for people attempting to lose weight, although there is no stipulated dosage of this drug, it’s injected the dosage of 300 mcg/day given at bedtime.

How should I store AOD9604?
AOD9604 can come in capsules or liquid form. Capsules should be stored in a cool dry place whereas the liquid should be storied in a cool environment like your fridge or freeze.

/> -How do I store Hexarelin?

See below for the answers to the above questions

What is Hexarelin?
Hexarelin is an amino acid that can prevent wrinkles or aging. It is yet to be fully understood by scientists because understanding usage of Hexarelin has been forthcoming in the past. Hexarelin promotes production of natural growth hormones in the body, and it will not shut down the production of the body’s ability to produce growth hormones on its own.

What is the dosage I should use for Hexarelin?
Hexarelin should be taken once a week, 200mcgs, with a cooling period of a few weeks in between because of its strong sensitization that can be felt after injection. The best way to use Hexarelin should be blended at low doses with other GHRP’s.

What are the side effects of Hexarelin?
Studies have shown an increase in bone mineral density, mitosis and meiosis, fat loss, connective tissue strengthening, and improved skin elasticity in many tests. But some of the problems that come with Hexarelin include increased cortisol and prolactin, lowering in libido, and possible gynecomastia (male breasts).

How do I store Hexarelin?
Hexarelin comes in a powder which can be stored in a cool dry place. Use a bacterial prevention solution when injecting Hexarelin into the body. The best preferred method of Hexarelin should be with an insulin syringe.

ormone. It is produced by the pituitary gland and it is made by 191 amino acids. Its main function involves the protein deposition, growth of tissues and the breakdown of subcutaneous fat stores. Growth Hormone is produced at high levels during adolescence. Treatments that use this peptide are focused on the fight against growth hormone deficiency.

How does it work?

The mechanism of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone causes the secretion of Human Growth Hormone during sleep. This process also stimulates the production of somatostatin, which is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system and inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion. HGH191AA enhances anabolism (metabolic pathways that allow the construction of molecules from smaller units), promotes the growth of body cells and in turn, it increases the multiplication rate of these cells.

Results and benefits

HGH191AA has been used as an anti-aging therapy due to the benefits that it brings to the treatment of age-related degenerative conditions.

Nowadays this peptide is produced in a synthetic manner, but initially, it was not so; in the 1980’s this hormone was extracted from the pituitary glands of cadavers, the fact that was linked to fatal brain diseases.

Some bodybuilders who have used this peptide have not had good results due to HGH191AA could promote loss of body fat (derived from the stimulation process of cells that make use of fats). It is a fact that Growth hormone itself stimulates triglyceride hydrolysis in adipose tissue; which gives rise to weight loss.

HGH191AA has the ability to improve healing of injuries. Some tests have shown positive results in the regeneration of damaged cartilage using this peptide along with insulin-growth factor. These derived effects should not be attributed to the peptide by itself. The main agent of this benefit is the liver due to HGH191AA only accomplish a stimulation function of this organ, which is the only one capable of produce insulin-like growth factors but at a limited amount.

Athletes can be benefited of the improvement of their endurance due to the ability of HGH191AA to stimulate the production of red blood cells by a process called erythropoiesis, which at the same time supports the promotion of anabolism.

HGH191AA has none of the side effects observed in anabolic or androgenic steroids (reduction of testosterone production, acne, hair loss, aggressiveness, high estrogen level and increased water retention, among others). However, an important side effect of its use is the low concentration of glucose in the blood called hypoglycemia (can cause symptoms like weakness, hunger, tremor, or dizziness) along with an alteration of thyroid function (altering the release of hormones that control metabolism).

Dosage

An advisable dose should be supplied by injections for up to five consecutive days letting one or two days off. Users that had used HGH191AA have experimented a noticeable loss of body fat at a dose of 2-6 IU/day, nevertheless required doses could vary from an individual to another.

healing process of muscles and its nature is to inhibit myogenesis (the process of formation of muscular tissue). Scientists have been studying a new method to enhance the repair and regeneration of both muscle and bone in certain injuries through a new recombinant myostatin propeptide.

How does myostatin propeptide work?

Through the blocking of active myostatin made by a recombinant, myostatin propeptide has been able to improve muscle and bone regeneration. Myostatin inhibitors improve wound repair in cases of deep penetrant injuries on muscles and bones.

Myostatin results

One of the consequences of aging in humans is the loss of motor skills, which are related to an increase in the accident rate caused mostly by falls. This vulnerability in humans results in the increase in medical costs to treat fractures. One of the drawbacks of the healing process in bones and muscles in aging is the required time to accomplish the complete healing. The use of the recombinant myostatin propeptide has a very important role in the acceleration of this long process, which can primarily benefit older people and athletes, not to mention ordinary people.

Some studies show that the lack of myostatin gives rise to impressive results in the increase of muscle mass both in humans and in animals. In bones specifically, the lack of myostatin increases its mineral density, resulting in an increase of the calcium levels of the organism. Calcium is stored in bones and it is necessary for the correct functionality of the heart, muscles, and nerves as well as for blood clotting.

While using this recombinant myostatin propeptide, it was found that collagen-rich fibrous tissue was plentiful in the injured area of the individual’s treated muscle, which has, as a result, the improvement of the regenerative capacity of the body.

Image analysis of studies shows that propeptide treatment increases significantly the fraction of muscle staining while decreases the fraction of fibrous tissue in the injury site. Due to the passage of time, muscles tend to the loss of its volume and strength, this lost volume is occupied by fibrous tissue; the capacity of GDF-8 to improve muscular regeneration confirms its efficacy on muscular injuries.

Myostatin deficiency increases the osteogenic potential (formation of bone tissue) of bone marrow. There have been some studies related to the healing properties of stem cells originated in the bone marrow that has an auto-regeneration capacity. This benefit can be promoted by blocking Myostatin on humans.

Myostatin inhibitors are used on muscular dystrophy treatment in the attempt to accomplish the muscle regeneration. Myostatin propeptide enhances muscle regeneration, increases myofiber hypertrophy (an increase in the size of skeletal muscle through a growth in the size of its component cells) and decreases fibrosis (formation of excess fibrous connective tissue, which can obliterate the function of the affected limb) in muscle healing.

Myostatin propeptide dosage

Doses of Myostatin propeptide have been tested mice and it has shown an optimal increase of muscle mass at a dose of 20 mg/kg. It can be used every 5 days for 25 five days.

rator mad_cereal_lover PhD

To understand the use of HMG in hormone recovery, we must first understand the processes of importance that take place in physiological shutdown of male hormones following exogenous testosterone (and derivates) use. To understand more about the hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis and medicines such as human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) please the article Nolvadex, Clomid and HCG in Post Cycle Therapy (PCT)

When we administer certain hormones into our bodies, various cells and organs have the ability to sense this. Your body 'sees' this increase in testosterone or similar molecules and as a result it can sense that it is in a higher concentration than what would be normal in the blood. As a result, it will shut down its own testosterone production. There are various mechanisms involved in this, but an important one is the cessation in production of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), produced by the pituitary gland. These hormones are required for the testes to be stimulated to produce testosterone but also play a role in sperm production.

From a blood-testosterone aspect this all seems okay to us, sure we have shut down natural testosterone production, but we still have testosterone in us; right? Well, one of the big problems with regards to fertility is that the testes do not work like that. The Leydig cells in the testes produce testosterone when stimulated by LH. Testosterone is released from these cells which are in close proximity to the Sertoli cells. When Sertoli cells see a high concentration of testosterone, they are stimulated to produce and mature sperm by the process of spermatogenesis. A high blood concentration of testosterone will not do this job. Thus administering anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) will shut down natural testosterone production which will in turn slow down (and eventually near turn off) the proper formation and maturation of sperm. Thus infertility is a serious issue with use of AAS.

Classically, HCG has been seen to rectify this problem in males. HCG is an LH analogue – it 'looks' like LH to the body and so it can stimulate the Leydig cells to produce testosterone and in turn, hopefully, restore fertility. In some cases this will occur, and many people have had success from HCG therapy relating to infertility. However, the response is not robust and certainly with longer shut-down periods, many often find the use of HCG (even in combination with other post cycle therapy (PCT) medicines such as clomifene (aka clomid) and tamoxifen (aka nolvadex), etc) to not be effective at restoring fertility.

Furthermore, what HCG lacks is to produce the important effects that FSH inflicts upon fertility. FSH, despite its name, is important in male fertility in two main pathways. The first thing it does is to enhance the action of LH, by increasing the amount of protein that will 'see' testosterone in the Sertoli cells. The more easily these cells can see testosterone, the more likely spermatogenesis will occur. Secondly, FSH enhances the maturation of sperm by effects on their primary division. These are two important aspects of the role of FSH in the male testes that HCG is not optimal in promoting.

HMG, or its full name Human Menopausal Gonadotropin, bears similarities to HCG in that while HCG is similar to human LH, HMG contains actual LH. Additionally (and crucially) though, HMG also contains purified FSH. The combination of these two hormones perform the effects described above: induction of natural testosterone production by Leydig cells, and subsequent formation and maturation of sperm cells. The result is improved and potentially recovered fertility for the male concerned.

Does HMG really work?
So often we hear about various different drugs and the science for them is sound, but real world evidence is lacking. There are a few studies performed on HMG over the last 25 years, and I would like to draw your attention to two of these studies, pointing out a few key details. The first goes back to 1985 by Ley & Leonard and is an important study as it looks at males who had previously encountered AAS treatment (treatment for low hormone levels including mainly testosterone). This study is available online and I encourage you to read it in more detail than the brief summary I will provide here.

They looked at 13 hypogonadotropic men all of who had undetectable levels of LH/FSH, lower than normal levels of testosterone and azoospermia, thus were unable to currently conceive. Obviously with the low hormonal levels there were issues with libido as well. Furthermore, there were instances where upon testis biopsies, Leydig cells were completely absent. Despite this, all 13 men responded to treatment with HCG with increasing testosterone levels. However, upon addition of HMG treatment, most men saw a further increase in testosterone, sometimes very large. HCG was able to increase sperm counts in most men slightly; however, only upon addition of HMG were sperm counts above 'normal' fertility levels (i.e. 20 million per ml) observed. The study indicates that the addition of HMG therapy surpasses any level that HCG treatment could achieve alone. Admittedly this is a particular subset of men who have medical conditions and abnormal hormone issues, but the results are interesting nonetheless.

The second is more recent by Buchter et al in 1998. This is even more interesting from the point of view that it looks at three times the number of cases as the previous study and in a different manner. Again, this study can be found online and I encourage you to read it. The most interesting result you could take away from this study is that in the group of men treated who suffered from hypopituitarism, all 21 treated with HCG/HMG achieved spermatogenesis and a large proportion (81%) was able to successfully achieve pregnancies. The discussion of this article is most interesting as it raises the points from its own study and the literature that many in the field believe that to achieve spermatogenesis and pregnancy in a gonadotropin-compromised individual requires combinational therapy of HCG and HMG. The important point to note is that HCG is not sufficient alone in many cases.

Given the fact that other studies point to HMG increasing endogenous testosterone further than HCG can, as those who have relatively 'normal' pituitaries but have compromised their function due to AAS use, it would be wise to consider the use of HMG. This would not only be for purposes of fertility, but to induce natural testosterone levels back to normal values when they have been suppressed. Treatment in this latest study was the use of HCG twice per week at 1000-2500IU per dose (Mon-Fri) and HMG three times per week at 75-150IU (Mon-Wed-Fri). Thus for bodybuilders seeking to regain fertility, spermatogenesis and restore natural testosterone levels but wishing to keep costs down, a weekly dose of the lower ends should be employed for at least one month.

A schedule would involve:
Monday: 1000-1500IU HCG 75IU HMG
Wednesday: 75IU HMG
Friday: 1000-1500IU HCG 75IU HMG

Depending on the amount of suppression this cycle may need to be lengthened for a further period. Please note this information is for hypothetical purposes and neither I nor MuscleTalk recommends the use of any prescription medicines without the consultation of a qualified physician.

References:

• Buchter et al (1998). Pulsatile GnRH or human chorionic gonadotropin/human menopausal gonadotropin as effective treatment for men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a review of 42 cases. Eur J Endo 139: 298-303.
• Ley & Leonard (1985). Male Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: Factors Influencing Response to Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Human Menopausal Gonadotropin, Including Prior Exogenous Androgens. J Clin Endo Metab 61(4); 746-752.

Part 2: HMG: The Miracle Fertility Med? A Personal Story and Lesson to Young Bodybuilders

By MuscleTalk Pro-Member Liebow

Many years ago I started off my fitness habits with boxing and of course, like most young people, I was into looking 'big and hench'. I naively used the AAS dianabol a few times at a very young age (around 15) and loved the great results I achieved, such as strength and size increases. I did not notice many side effects and would just jump back on cycle after some time off with no PCT. So there I was, messing myself up quite a bit without giving it much thought. I came away from boxing to reflect on my discipline and get on with my life – the usual life issues such as my career and marriage, etc.

I missed the weights, and in 2010 I was back in the gym lifting again, this time in a powerlifting fashion. I worked hard, ate everything and progress was steady, albeit slow. In 2011, my first child was born and I found myself slowing in the gym and not growing much more in the size/strength department, causing much frustration and annoyance. This time I now turned to legal pro-hormones as I did not have a source for AAS. Again, I achieved great results but did not run the PCT I was advised to; instead I used an OTC product. I waited two months and jumped back on to yet another cycle. By the end of 2011, I was eager to try injectable meds. This time I listened to sound advice and planned a good testosterone cycle with proper PCT and I felt I recovered fine into 2012. The whole time I was eating everything I saw, however I was not doing much cardio work but focused on lifting very heavy weights. I went back on more AAS, this time using trenbolone with again, great gains. I entered a local novice event and did well. I was on a real high here!

Then my wife approached me during the summer of 2012 wanting to move on with our family and have a second child. At this time, my usual 'post cycle blues' were in action. I had no libido, poor mood, no drive and so on. I reassured her though that in a few weeks I would have recovered and it would be fine which built her hopes up. Despite this I failed to recover after these few weeks I promised her. Another few months went by, and still nothing – I felt terrible. So I decided to throw in some proviron to see if that would help with things. It didn't so I turned to HCG. I tried a range of approaches over the space of four months: 500IU EOD, 500IU ED, 1500IU EOD, and even 2500IU EOD. I even ran clomid alongside the HCG to see if that would help with its fertility properties, but nothing seemed to work.

So, here I was, several months after the 'talk' and I am still heavily shutdown. This caused a serious strain on my relationship and my wife blamed the steroids (and rightly so!). We sought advice from the doctor and my wife was perfectly fine. However, the doctor took one look at my parts and said "Ah, I think I can see the problem". Cutting to the point and saving the embarrassing details, it seems that my sperm production was horrifically suppressed and I had only around 10,000 sperm to one ml of semen. This was further compounded by the fact I had no sex drive.

This news devastated me (and my wife) and I felt as though my relationship was now about to fall apart. All of a sudden, my muscles and hard work over the last few years seemed out of place and plain wrong. I felt that I had been so short sighted and did not once think about how my actions would affect others nor did I consider the long term. I ignored so much good advice about recovery, PCT, time on and time off. I felt like the most moronic failure to myself and to my wife.

So was determined and made a plan to try and rebuild our relationship, as a way to move forward. I decided (bear with me...) to jump back on testosterone enanthate at a low dose. If we could not have more children, we could focus again on our intimacy and each other. I felt there was no point in having no sex drive, so this made sense to me. Now as a desperate last resort, I thought I would try one more medicine to see if it would help with my fertility. I was advised to use HMG and to also come off testosterone to help improve conception chances (but you know how I feel about advice). A few weeks went by, and my libido is back to sky high and once again I am pleasant to be around, and I was starting to not feel as crap as I did previously. A fortnight had passed and the HMG was finished.

Another few weeks pass, and we happen to notice something very peculiar. The wife hadn't menstruated yet. This can occur at times, so we thought nothing of it. A few days later, I am woken up in bed at 8am by a tearful wife, holding a Clearblue Pregnancy Test. It read 'PREGNANT 2-3 WEEKS'. I grumbled at this and turned over, with the honest belief that I was still asleep. After a few firm taps of encouragement, I turned over again, and I wasn't dreaming. Somehow, we had conceived!

That concludes my story, but what can we take away from this? Anyone with half a brain and a keen ear can see the problem. And it is certainly not "go wild and then use HMG". How does a teenager start to take steroids, does not run appropriate recovery medicines, then goes for all out advanced cycles with minimal breaks in between, then wonder why he cannot conceive? And the further downside to my 'too much too soon' outlook, is that low-dose anything is now too weak for anabolism and I require doses much higher than I should need at my age/experience.

So while the clear message here is to stress the importance of taking extra precautions and taking adequate time off between cycles, I have gotten off the hook very lightly and I am able to put my life back on track. I was lucky and was able to find success behind HMG. Not everyone will be lucky like that. And for all the heartache and stress I have put my wife through (as well as myself), I am still trying to forgive myself for it. It's just not worth it.

HMG won't work for everyone, so surely its best to try and avoid getting to that point in the first place? The only way you will avoid my type of mistake is when you start to pay attention to the experienced people around you and take their advice seriously. Had I not listened to the advice when it came to HMG, who knows where I would be now? I haven't included every detail on my home life, but never have I had such a wakeup call in all my life! And to those who helped me, I am forever grateful for the support and help – especially when I look back and realised the help was there all along, and this whole scenario could have been avoided. All it required from my part was a little patience, and a little open mindedness. That's all it takes: be inspired!

Warning! Articles related to the use of illegal performance enhancing drugs are for information purposes only and are the sole expressions of the individual authors opinion. We do not promote the use of these substances and the information contained within this publication is not intended to persuade or encourage the use or possession of illegal substances. These substances should be used only under the advice and supervision of a qualified, licensed physician.

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Naturally produced Growth Hormone
-What types of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormones (GHRH) are there?
-How much Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) should be used?
-How long should Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) be used?
-Which Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) is the best to use?
-What types of Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) are there?
-How much Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) should be used?
-How long should Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) be used?
-Which Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) is the best to use?
-Does Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) work together better?
-Can Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) be used alone?
-Can Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) be used alone?
-What is a typical protocol for Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP)?
-What are some of the possible side effects with Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and/or Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP)?
-Should food be consumed before or after the injection of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and/or Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP)?

See below for the answers to the above questions

Growth Hormone (GH) Questions

What is growth hormone?
Synthetic Growth Hormone (Somatropin) is an artificially created hormone (made up of a sequence of 191 amino acids) that is identical to the one found in humans. Some common names of synthetic growth hormone include: Genotropin by Genentech, Humatrope by Eli Lilly, Nutropin by Genentech and Saizen by Serono. While many companies are capable of generating growth hormone not all of the companies are capable of creating the correct structure that is identical to naturally occurring growth hormone. The structure determines the strength with which the growth hormone molecule binds to a receptor which will in turn affect the “strength” of the events leading to protein transcription, metabolism, IGF-1 creation, etc. It is this inconsistency that accounts in part for the differences in effectiveness of various produced synthetic growth hormone. Synthetic growth hormone is not really true or natural growth hormone. It was manufactured in a laboratory and not by your pituitary.

Naturally produced Growth Hormone is produced in the anterior pituitary. It is made up of a blend of amino acids with the majority of them being the 191 amino acid variety.

How does growth hormone work?
Growth hormone in the body is released in a pulsating fashion. It has been demonstrated that this pattern promotes growth. The pituitary is capable of rather quickly synthesizing very large amounts of growth hormone which it stores in both a finished and unfinished form. Adults rarely experience growth hormone pulses that completely deplete these stores. As we get older we do not lose the ability to create and store large amounts of growth hormone, rather we experience a diminished capacity to instruct their release. The growth hormone pulse is measured in a wave with the trough being the “off” or non-secretion of growth hormone and the crest being the “on” or highest point during growth hormone secretion.

The volume of growth hormone that is released in the body cannot be properly compared to the administration of synthetic growth hormone for the reason that a set of behavioral characteristics associated with natural growth hormone differ from those of synthetic growth hormone. Therefore attempting to find a natural growth hormone to a synthetic growth hormone equivalency is not very productive because in the end what is probably most important is: The quantity and quality of intracellular signaling events and the degree to which growth hormone stimulates autocrine/paracrine (locally produced/locally used) muscle IGF-1 & post-exercise its splice variant MGF.

How is natural growth hormone released?
Growth hormone release in the pituitary depends on 3 factors:
1. Somatostatin which is the inhibitory hormone and responsible in large part for the creation of pulsation.

2. Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) which is the stimulatory hormone responsible for initiating growth hormone release.

3. Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) which is a modulating hormone and in essence optimizes the balance between the “on” and the “off” periods of growth hormone.

Naturally produced Growth Hormone

What types of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) are there?
– GRF(1-44) – half-life is less than 5-10 minutes
– GRF(1-29) Sermorelin – half-life is less than 5-10 minutes
– Modified GRF(1-29) or CJC-1295 without DAC – Half-life at least 30 minutes
– CJC-1295 (with DAC) – Half-life measured in days

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) pulses can only last less than 30 minutes before your body has used out the potential for a single growth hormone pulse. Since another pulse won’t be generated for about 2.5 – 3 hours hormones that last more than 30 minutes up to 3 hours are not any more beneficial.

The administration of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) creates a pulse of growth hormone release which will be small if administered during a natural growth hormone trough and higher if administered during a rising natural growth hormone wave.

How much Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) should be used?
The saturation dose in most studies is defined as 100mcg or 1mcg/kg per growth hormone pulse.

How long should Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) be used?
In most studies no adverse side effects were reported with continued use.

Which Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) is the best to use?
Modified GRF(1-29) or CJC-1295 without DAC is the best choice because it lasts at least 30 minutes. Growth Hormone pulses can only last less than 30 minutes before your body has used out the potential for a single growth hormone pulse.

What types of Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides are there?
Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) (Growth hormone pulse initiators):
– Ipamorelin is potent but the weakest growth hormone releaser. It does not increase cortisol or prolactin at any dose.
– GHRP-6 is very potent in effecting growth hormone release. It does not effect cortisol or prolactin up to a 100mcg dose, but does so minimally above 100mcg.
– GHRP-2 is a little bit more potent then GHRP-6. It also has a stronger effect on these hormones at all dosing levels rising to the high normal range for cortisol and prolactin.
– Hexarelin the strongest is a little more potent then GHRP-2. At all dosing levels it has the strongest impact on cortisol and prolactin with levels in the upper bounds of normalcy.

Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) can become desensitized with constant usage throughout the day. Ipamorelin and GHRP-6 do not desensitize as long as there are short breaks between doses minimal 2 hours. GHRP-2 does not desensitize in the lower dose ranges without short breaks. At high dose it is unclear, but some desensitization may occur. Hexarelin has been shown to desensitize without regard to dose and even with short breaks between doses. This effect shows up after 14 days of continuous use and may be avoided by either keeping doses low or taking a full day or two off every two weeks.

Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) are capable of creating a larger pulse of growth hormone on their own than Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and they do this with much more consistency and predictability without regard to whether a natural wave or trough of growth hormone is currently taking place.

How much Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) should be used?
The saturation dose in most studies on Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) is defined as either 100mcg or 1mcg/kg.

This means that 100mcg will saturate the receptors fully, but if you add another 100mcg to that dose only 50% of that portion will be effective. If you add an additional 100mcg to that dose only about 25% will be effective. Perhaps a final 100mcg might add a little something to growth hormone release but that is it.

If 100mcg is the saturation dose, you could add more (up to 300-400mcg) and get a little more effect. A 500mcg dose will not be more effective than a 400mcg, perhaps not even more effective than 300mcg.

The additional problems with higher dosages are desensitization and cortisol/prolactin side-effects.

Ipamorelin and GHRP-6 at the saturation dose of 100mcg does not really increase prolactin & cortisol but may do so slightly at higher doses. This rise is still within the normal range. It can be used at saturation dose (100mcg) three or four times a day without risk of desensitization.

GHRP-2 is more effective then GHRP-6 at causing growth hormone release but at the saturation dose of a 100mcg or higher may produce a slight to moderate increase in prolactin & cortisol. This rise is still within the normal range although doses of 200 – 400mcg might make it the high end of the normal range. It can be used at saturation dose several times a day will not result in desensitization.

Hexarelin in general is the most effective at causing an increase in growth hormone release. However it has the highest potential to also increase cortisol & prolactin. This rise will occur even at the 100mcg saturation dose. This rise will reach the higher levels of what is defined as normal. It has been shown to bring about desensitization but in a long-term study the pituitary recovered its sensitivity so that there was not long-term loss of sensitivity at saturation dose. Even at 100mcg three times a day will likely lead to some down regulation within 14 days.

If desensitization were to ever occur for any of these Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) simply stop administering them for several days and this will remedy the effect.

How long should Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) be used?
In most studies no adverse side effects were reported with continued use.

Which Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) is the best to use?
It depends on what results you are looking for:
Ipamorelin is good for fatloss and injury repair.
GHRP-6 is good for gaining weight/bulking since it increases appetite.
GHRP-2 is good for muscle gain, fatloss and injury repair (some people have increased appetite).
Hexarelin is good for maximum muscle gain, fatloss and injury repair

Does Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) work together better?
It is well documented and established that the concurrent administration of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) results in synergistic release of growth hormone from pituitary.

In other words if Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) contributes a growth hormone amount quantified as the number 2 and Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) contributed a growth hormone amount quantified as the number 4 the total growth hormone release is not additive (i.e. 2 4 = 6). Rather the whole is greater than the sum of the parts such that 2 4 = 12.

Can Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) be used alone?
The problem with using only Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) (even the stronger analogs) is that they are only effective when somatostatin is low (the growth hormone inhibiting hormone). So if you administer it in a trough (or when a growth hormone pulse is not naturally occurring) you will add very little growth hormone release. If however you administer it during a rising wave or growth hormone pulse (somatostatin will not be active at this point) you will add to growth hormone release.

Can Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) be used alone?
Yes. They are capable of creating a larger pulse of growth hormone on their own than Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and they do this with much more consistency and predictability without regard to whether a natural wave or trough of growth hormone is currently taking place.

What is a typical protocol for Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP)?

Studies have suggested the following:
A typical beginner protocol would be:
50-100mcg of Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) plus
50-100mcg of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH).
2-3 days on 1 day off then repeat – before bed – subcutaneous injections

A typical intermediate protocol would be:
100-200mcg of Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) plus
100-200mcg of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH).
3-4 days on 1 day off then repeat – before bed – subcutaneous injections

A typical advance protocol would be:
100-200mcg of Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP) plus
100-200mcg of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH).
2 times daily – before breakfast and bed – subcutaneous injections

These protocols can be used once, twice, three or four times a day to make it more effective.
When dosing multiple times a day at least 3 hours should separate the administrations.

Studies suggest that a once a day dosing pre-bed will give a restorative/injury repair amount of growth hormone while multiple dosing and/or higher levels will give higher growth hormone & IGF-1 levels which will lead to muscle gain, fatloss and/or injury repair.

What are some of the possible side effects with Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and/or Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP)?
Reported side effects have included: hypersomnia (excessive sleeping), insomnia, muscle soreness (from muscle growth), burning feeling at injection spot (last 10-15 minutes). All side effects went away after 2-3days of discontinuing use.

Should food be consumed before or after the injection of Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and/or Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP)?
Studies have shown that administration should ideally be done on either an empty stomach or with only protein in the stomach. Fats and carbohydrates blunt growth hormone release. After administering the peptides wait at least 30 minutes to eat. At that point the growth hormone pulse has reached its peak and you can eat what you want.

eral if the number of amino acids is less than fifty, these molecules are called peptides, while larger sequences are referred to as proteins. So peptides can be thought of as tiny proteins that are simply strings of amino acids.

>Fat Targeted Proapoptotic Peptide (FTPP)

Fat Targeted Proapoptotic Peptide, sovaldi or more commonly known as FTPP for short, viagra is a peptide that was initially developed to help with anti-obesity therapy. Since being available on the market, there are plenty of parties who had used it for experiments and researches that yields different results. Although most of the initial researches were done on mice and rhesus monkeys, there are plenty of underground bodybuilders who had researched with this peptide, with interesting results.

The Fat Targeted Proapoptotic Peptide Working Mechanism

The Fat Targeted Proapoptotic Peptide works in a completely different and unique mechanism as compared to most of the other anti-obesity drugs and compounds that are available on the market today. The FTPP works systemically by attacking the vasculature of remaining white fat cells in the body. It will basically cut off the blood supply, and as a result, it will cause the fat cells to be killed – resulting in effective fat loss.

White fat cells are highly vascularized, as it has plenty of capillaries that comes in contact with each of the fat cells. This means that the white fat cells are highly dependent on blood supply in order to maintain itself. This is when researches assumed that by cutting off the blood supply to the white fat cells, it will cause the fat cells to be killed off. The development of Fat Targeted Proapoptotic Peptide is to find out exactly this. The FTPP works as a peptide ligand that would bind to the receptors in the vasculature of the white fat cells. As a result, it will induce Proapoptotic sequence that will eventually kill off fat cells.

Initial Studies

The first study was conducted on mice, and the results yielded were amazing. In only 4 weeks, the mice who were administered the Fat targeted Proapoptotic Peptide loss 11% of its body fat percentage, and reduced up to 30% of its bodyweight. All of these were without any change to diet intake and exercise. The extreme reduction of body fat percentage in a short amount of time leads to hope that the fat targeted Proapoptotic peptide is the future of fat loss.

It is extremely important to keep in mind that mice were used in the studies, and it was given a dosage of 1.5 mg per kg of bodyweight, and this would translate to massive amount of dosage needed to be effective on humans. This will be pricey, and it is not known yet if high doses of fat targeting Proapoptotic peptide on humans would cause any adverse effects.

Research by Underground Bodybuilding Labs

Due to the fact that it is still not known whether it might cause harmful effects if taken high doses in humans, and that it is extremely expensive, a few researches were conducted by underground bodybuilding labs to see how effective they are when taken at lower doses. While it does not yield amazing results like on the mice, due to the dosage dependence, according to some of these researches, it still helped to speed up fat loss, more than usual, especially when taken longer for up to several months. With the current price range of the fat targeting Proapoptotic peptide, this low dosage is a great balance of effectiveness versus cost. Clinical research trials on humans are still ongoing.

The Benefits of Fat Targeted Proapoptotic Peptide include:

The benefits of fat targeted Proapoptotic peptide is to aid users in fat loss. It works effectively by killing fat cells and eliminating them forever. Human users in the underground research have reported increase of energy while on it.

Side Effects of Fat Targeted Proapoptotic Peptide include:

This peptide is still on human clinical research trials, and it is unknown if it could cause severe harmful side effects – and this means that those who wants to use it must do so on their own risk, understanding that anything could happen, including the worst. It is best to keep dosages at a very conservative levels. In Underground studies, users complain of flushes, feeling extra warm, and night sweats.

Recommended Dosage for Use:

The recommended dosage is based solely on manufacturers. In underground studies, the best elevated fat loss was at 2.5 mg per day. Some manufacturers recommend 1mg to 5 mg per day depending on tolerance. A few underground researches suggest 0.15 mg per kg of bodyweight. Do proper research beforehand, and cycle on own risk. The method of delivery is by subcutaneous injection twice daily, with split dosage at the morning and evening.

sub>, and it has a molecular weight of 1025.2.

PT-141 (Bremelanotide) at a Glance

According to scientific study that has been performed on animal test subjects, PT-141 (Bremelanotide) works by activating the melanocortin recptors MC3-R and MC4-R in the central nervous system.  This interaction allows the peptide to regulate brain transmissions that are sent to the parts of the central nervous system tied to blood flow restriction and inflammation.  In essence, the peptide’s functionality could cause a curtailing of inflammation that may otherwise be triggered by various irritants or pathogens.  It could also cause a reduction of the damage that may otherwise occur within blood vessels and their associative tissues – damage that could be directly linked to the wake of an incident tied to ischemia.

Because of PT (Bremelanotide)’s ability to regulate blood flow restriction and inflammation, scientific study based on animal test subjects has determined that the peptide may be instrumental in managing the onset of hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion injury.  It is thought that it could aid in the former condition because it can boost sympathetic outflow to the heart and other organs that may otherwise slow down or stop altogether.  It is thought that it could aid in the latter because it could possibly lessen the kinds of blockages that are typically associated to blood flow restriction to tissues in the aftermath of the ischemic cascade.

For Research Purposes Only

Even though there has been an extensive amount of research conducted PT-141 (Bremelanotide), it needs to be emphasized that all of the research that has been conducted with the peptide has been built around scientific studies that have been based on animal test subjects exclusively.  As such, any findings or observations relating to PT-141 (Bremelanotide) should be exclusively contained to a strictly controlled environment such as a medical research facility or a laboratory.

A REAL POST ON A FORUM FROM ONE PT-141 USER:

Light PT-141 dosing (250mcg-500mcg)] “I used .4 mg at 10] Based on my own experiences, a small dose is more effective if taken at night before bedtime.* The problem is dealing with an erection all night can disrupt one’s sleep.* Plus, it is possible to have an erection without desire or wherewithal to do anything about it. I know that may sound strange for younger men, but in my case it is true. Think of it as a piss hard on in the morning. You are hard, but you cannot perform to orgasm.* I suppose you could penetrate a female for her pleasure, but not your own.

I also found that even in very small dosages .3 mg during the day I am drawn toward sexual fantasies.* Although, this may just be a psychological response. Just knowing you’ve taken the drug puts you in the mood kind of thing.”

[b]Common PT-141 dose (~1mg injected subq)]

“Since I wasn’t seeing my girlfriend until this weekend I decided to take 10 units (0.1 cc) on Thursday at around 8pm to test it out. It did take a while to fully kick in (about 6 hours) but when it did, it was great. kept getting hard off and on all night, until about noon the next day.”

“I mixed the PT-141, 50 units on the diabetes syringe to get 1mg. As far as ‘FEELINGS’, Bremelanotide does affect me psychologically and boosts my libido, but here’s probably why] “My initial dosage of 1.5 mg was too high. My erection lasted 8-10 hours. The dose was take at 7] “Me]Hubby: 55 years old, 150 lbs, injected 1.2 mgs

10 mg vial reconstituted with 1ml of bac water.

We both experienced slight flushing and queasiness approx. 10 minutes after injection..sides lasted no more that 15 minutes.

3 hours after injection bremelanotide (PT-141) hit like gangbusters.* We were sitting in the lounge area of a restaurant when my nether regions made themselves known. Increased sensitivity to any movement I made in my seat i.e. shifting or leg crossing. This was coupled with increased sexual thoughts. It is difficult not to think in sexual terms when some body parts are demanding your attention! My husband had a difficult time getting up from his chair to even approach the restaurant table. Next time we will time the injections better LOL

Heightened sensitivity, an overall “feel good” effect, on and off rock hard erections for hours, multiple mind-numbing orgasms! To say we are impressed with the effects of bremelanotide (PT-141) is an understatement. Viagra, Cialis etc aren’t even in the same ballpark.”

“I took 1mg of pt141 the 1st night, the normal reaction was expected, a warm fuzzy feeling that just put me in the mood, not that I need to be put in the mood, but it makes for a good excuse. My husband also used pt141 1mg but he also tried 20mg of cialis at the same time. After our 1st go around we went to sleep ever so happy and tired from the day. About 2] So we wake in the morning feeling like school kids, took a shower and headed off to breakfast, then spent the day at the beach with our little family.

So, it’s now 6] Now as I stated usually it takes 4 hours to take effect but taking the 2nd dose just 24 hours after the 1st really made a difference, I was really worked up, thank goodness our son went to sleep quickly.

The rest of the weekend was just crazy I could not be put off, thank goodness my husband was able to keep up with me, I thought that the sex drive that I had felt in my early and mid 30’s was behind me but with PT141 we have yet another chapter in our relationship to explore.”

[b]Large PT-141 dose (~2mg)]

“On Friday around 5pm, I took 20 units (0.2 cc). By around 10, I was sporting serious wood. We had great sex. Like others have said, I felt like I was 18 again. We did it again in the middle of the night. Even after that I kept having major, solid erections all night long. Saturday after the gym, I took another 10 units and needless to say, my girlfriend and I had a fantastic weekend.
I am a believer. For me, this truly has been a lifesaver. If you have any doubts about this, I urge you to try it. In my case, I had nothing to lose and everything to gain. I can not praise this product enough.”

“I took 2mg at about 5] Then around 11] I had a hard time, literally, most of the morning.* Not great timing with running kids to school and trying to work.* I need to work on the timing of the dose.* Finally, and I’m not complaining, the effects of the bremelanotide (PT-141) tapered off around 1pm.”

ous studies to help with healing joint, tendon, muscle tissue, as well as nerve tissue.

What You Need to Know About BPC-157 Peptide

It is common knowledge that as people age, their body functioning abilities begin to decline. Usual functions such as wound healing tend to take longer processing times. With the increasing age, multiple changes occur in the body, such as gastrointestinal (GI) changes. These changes are mostly physiological and pathological, which usually leads to GI disorders in older people.

While there are many medications available to provide temporary relief, studies are still ongoing to discover more effective drugs with limited side effects. So far, peptides have been a promising candidate showing excellent efficient results.

One such peptide is BPC 157 which has proven results in wound healing, bowel disorders, damaged joints, and other health benefits.

Introduction

BPC 157 is a peptide composed of 15 amino acids with hepatoprotective benefits. As the name suggests, body protection compound (BPC) is an amino acid fragment isolated from the human body, particularly the gastric juice. (1)

BPC 157 is also commonly known as pentadecapeptide because of the 15 amino acids it is comprised of. Since these peptides are derived from human body, they are highly biocompatible and stable in humans, which has a great added advantage over other synthetic peptides. (1)

BPC 157 Backstory

The history of BPC 157 goes back to the 1890s during the initial discovery of the brain to gut axis.
It was in 1895 when a study was conducted sham-feeding the dogs with gastric fistula and the role of vagus nerve in controlling the secretion of gastric acid was understood (2). After several extensive studies carried out over the period of time to understand human anatomy and medical discoveries, the prominent effects of peptides to modify gastrointestinal secretions and reduce lesions was discovered during the mid-1980s. These effects were observed when administered within the hypothalamic site or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which led to peptides being a promising candidate in CNS and GI disorders (3).

How BPC-157 Works in Wound Healing

Administration of BPC 157 stimulates the growth hormone (GH) receptors thereby inducing similar GH properties. BPC 157 peptide binds with the growth hormone receptors and stimulates cell proliferation. This leads to the development of the new tissue that is composed of collagen and developing a network of blood vessels, a process also called ‘angiogenesis.’ Consequently, the wound is ‘rebuilt’ and healed faster than the usual rate. (1)

How BPC 157 Works in Maintaining Gut Health

Serotonin, an enteric neurotransmitter, is localized in the human GI tract and GI mucosa. Altered levels of serotonin may inhibit gastric acid secretion, thereby affecting gut mucosal function and influence gastric blood flow. (4)

BPC 157 has a particular antidepressant activity, which counteracts with the serotonin induced symptoms. The peptide counteracts with the 5-HT2A receptors; hence not allowing the serotonin to bind with these receptors and thereby inhibiting its effects. (3)

BPC 157 Benefits and Uses

Below are the main advantages of the peptide:

• Elevated wound healing effects
• Decline in pain levels
• Improved digestive functions
• Improved gut health and heals inflamed intestines
• Helps with Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
• Induces tendon, ligament, muscle, and bone healing

Multiple studies have since been conducted to understand the full potency of the peptide, especially in the area of healing gastrointestinal ulceration, which are further described in this article.

Studies conducted have shown the peptide to increase the build up of the blood vessels and induce anti-inflammation effects via improving the functional recovery. As a result, BPC 157 has great efficacy in the tendon, ligament, and bone healing processes. (5)

Peptide Research and Clinical Studies

BPC 157 Effects on Healing

In this study, three experimental models of rats were used – first with skin wounds, second with colon anastomosis and third with synthetic sponge implantation. Some of the rats were treated with placebo, whereas others were treated with BPC 157 peptide.

After the treatment, all models were histologically examined. It was discovered that the BPC 157 treated rats showed significantly higher numbers of collagen, reticulin and blood vessel development as compared to the ones treated with the control. This proved that the peptide promoted healing at a faster rate than usual, via formation of granulation tissue and angiogenesis.

What made this study more interesting was that not only did the peptide show therapeutic effects in different wounds, but it showed the same levels of efficacy even though it was administered via different routes – including intragastric and local administration – hence making BPC 157 peptide a potential therapeutic agent. (6)

BPC 157 for Tendon Healing

This experiment was conducted ex-vivo in the cultured tendon fibroblasts derived from the tendons of rat Achilles.

The cultures were divided into two groups, one was treated with control whereas the other was treated with BPC 157. Post treatment, the following was discovered (1):

• BPC 157 peptide significantly promoted the outgrowth of tendon and tendon healing.
• Even under H2O2 stress, BPC 157 cell survival under stress.
• With increased dosing, the peptide promoted migration of the tendon fibroblasts.
• High doses of BPC 157 induced increased levels of phosphorylation of both PAK and paxillin, while the total protein level remained unchanged in the body.

Upon analysis, it was discovered that the peptide promotes tendon healing, tendon outgrowth and cell survival via the F-actin formation and activation of the FAK and paxillin pathway. (1)

BPC 157 for Gastrointestinal Healing

This study was conducted to scrutinize the effects of BPC 157 peptide against similar angiogenic growth factors such as EGF, FGF and VEGF. The primary reason was the fact that BPC 157 is highly stable and biocompatible, and that BPC 157 can be administered all by itself.

While both showed improved healing, it was only BPC 157 that showed consistent results in all wound types (i.e., both chronic and acute) on the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and lower GI tract. These effects were shown regardless of the route of administration, i.e. whether administered intraperitoneally, orally, or locally.

Thus, this study exhibited the extent of the angiogenic effects of the peptide – which was not only on local wounds and ligaments, but also on GI wounds and bone healing. (7)

Other Pharmacological Effects

This study was conducted to understand the extent of the angiogenic effects of the peptide, beyond local wounds, ligaments, and GI tract wounds; and to study its effect on multiple gastrointestinal lesions on the pancreas, liver injuries, heart damage, endothelium damage and blood pressure.

What was understood from this study is that BPC 157 induces a network of activities via peptidergic defense systems.

There are several important neurotransmitters and functions in our body such as dopamine, nitrous oxide, prostaglandin, and other neuron systems. Any over activity or inhibition of these systems may lead to several lesions in different organs of the body. BPC 157, through its defense system, counteracts with these systems and reverses their over activation and inhibition.

While further investigation in detail was yet pending, these initial studies demonstrated that BPC 157 is a ‘universal’ peptide that can be used due to the physiologic defense system it creates. (8)

BPC-157 for Muscle Healing

This study was conducted on rats with injured gastrocnemius muscle complex. These rats were then treated with methylprednisolone (corticosteroid). These corticosteroid rats were then divided into two groups: one group was treated with BPC 157, whereas the other was treated with placebo. Both medications were given intraperitoneally or locally, once in 24 hours and examined at days 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14.

Upon examination, it was noticed that the corticosteroid significantly worsened the muscle damage in the rats. However, those treated with BPC 157 showed signs of healing and complete restoration of the damaged gastrocnemius muscle along with its full functioning ability.

This result demonstrated that the peptide was able to reverse the effects of systemic corticosteroid treatment and was able to promote faster muscle healing. (9)

Effects in Amphetamine Induced Hypersensitivity

It has become a known fact during this study that BPC 157 has the ability to heal multiple different lesions – in GI tract, liver, pancreas, and others. This suggested that the peptide had some interaction with the dopamine system.

To investigate further, peptide BPC 157 was administered in the amphetamine (dopamine agonist) treated rats. BPC-157 was either given in prophylactic doses (10 micrograms / kg) or in therapeutic doses (10 ng/kg) – both via the intraperitoneal route of administration. It was observed that BPC 157 was able to completely reverse the amphetamine induced excitability in the rats.

Furthermore, rats were treated with another dopamine agonist, haloperidol (5 mg/kg) and then treated with amphetamine (10mg/kg) on days 1, 2, 4 and 10. These rats were then administered with BPC 157 to understand its effects. Upon examination, it was noted that the peptide caused an almost complete reversal of the haloperidol effect.

Thus, these studies provided strong evidence proving the interaction of BPC 157 with the dopamine system.(10)

BPC-157 Side Effects

BPC-157 so far has not demonstrated any serious side effects during any research studies.

Below are the common side effects as seen with most of the peptides:

• Pain, redness, and inflammation at the site of injection (most common)
• Itchiness
• Headache
• Dizziness, flushing
• Nausea
• Lethargy and drowsiness
• Changes in bowel habits
• Changes in hunger pattern

Depending on the individual profile (such as allergies, simultaneous consumption of other medicines, patient age and medical history), the side effects may vary amongst people. It is always highly recommended to consult a healthcare professional immediately upon prolonged adverse reactions after use.

BPC 157 Dosage and Mode of Administration

Multiple research and clinical studies have been conducted for BPC 157 peptide with doses between 1 to 10 mcg per kg body weight (10) which would typically range from 200mcg to 800mcg daily.

While research is still ongoing, based on several research studies described above, BPC 157 has proven to be highly efficacious regardless of the route of administration. Successful studies have shown BPC 157 to be usually administered intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, orally and locally on skin. (7)(9)

While no preset time has been confirmed to show better BPC-157 results, it is recommended to administer the peptide at the same time every day, to maintain consistency and for better, effective results.

Is BPC157 Clinically Tested in Humans?

BPC 157 has been tested in humans under study PL 14736 in early 2000s.

In order to comply with the regulatory requirements, a seven-day trial run was first carried out in rats where BPC 157 was administered via intracolonic route of administration. Once it was evident that the peptide did not induce any colonic damage, the clinical trial was approved.

In the first clinical trial in men, 32 healthy male volunteers were treated with BPC 157 enemas (rectal route of administration). Upon completion of the trial, physical examination, lab test results and clinical monitoring demonstrated that the peptide is highly tolerable, and no side effects were shown.

Based on this, it was determined that the following double blind, randomized study will be conducted on patients with ulcerative colitis, using BPC 157 enemas. Unfortunately, the details on the following study and consecutive results are sparse and not overly informative. (11)(12)

Later, in 2015, a randomized clinical trial was planned to be conducted on 42 healthy volunteers where BPC 157 would be administered orally in tablet form in doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 micro / kg body weight. The result of this study remains pending. (11)(13)

Summary

True to its name, BPC 157 peptide or pentadecapeptide is a peptide composed of 15 amino acids (hence the name pentadecapeptide) and is isolated from human gastric juice. Since it is an isolated fragment from the human body, it is highly biocompatible and stable in the human body.

Multiple clinical studies have shown that BPC-157 is highly effective in multiple wound healing, regardless of the severity of the wound (i.e., can heal both acute and chronic wounds), effective results in ligament healing and wound repair in skin, muscles, gastrointestinal organs, pancreas, and others. Surprisingly, the peptide has yet shown no severe side effects after administration.

While there have been many studies carried out on rodents and primates, there is extremely limited information available on human trials pertaining to this peptide. From the current available literature, BPC 157 sure has a strong potential to be developed into novel therapy to aid in injuries in humans, although further research is required to understand its mechanism and efficacy in the human body.